Rising Cost of Education

There was a time when a person from a low income family could believe he or she could attain the American dream without going to college. My eldest brother began working at Chevy in 1969; he was 16 years old, and he retired from Chevy in 2005. When he retired he owned three homes, three cars (one was a race car he built) a Harley Davis Motor cycle, a huge mobile home and he boasted more than $100,00. 00 in the bank. He continued to live in Detroit until he died in 2011. The only problem my brother had was that he could barely read or write. Thirty years ago, a young person could work at a McDonalds, over the period of two years they would become a Team Lead, and a year or two later they could be a Shift Manager. In a period of seven to ten years from the time this kid started, they could manage their own store. I did this and it only took me three years. I left food service because one day I wanted to Mickaole Walden, Ph. D. or M. D. I was going to be an engineer, but being assaulted and left with a brain injury and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ended my military carrer; it took me twenty years to accept that I no longer had an IQ of 137. It was made clear to me very early I had to go to college. I first was told by my father that since he taught at N. I. T, The National Institute of Technology in Dallas, Texas that we would not have to pay for my college degree. Later, when I got a poor grade in Math Theorem, I decided to go into the Military to get funding for school. I have known many people who went into the military as a catalyst for education and funding for college. Today, having a way to finance ones education is as essential as higher education itself. The inequality in education is evident. At the time Sociology in Modules was written only 11 percent of kids from low income families received a degree, this is compared with Children from families in the top five percent Income level which were at 53 percent. After children from poor families enter college weather they graduate or not, they are usually left with the burden of financial aid debt, (Schaefer 2011). Having a way to pay for higher education was not an issue that concerned me or my Pops with him being an Educator, and after I completed military service and having access to the GI Bill. It was not until my daughter graduated high school that financial aid became an issue. I am currently paying off a loan for my daughter after she dropped out of Clark. She is now attending Georgia Perimeter College. I have nearly cleared one of my bank accounts to keep her in school until we can take out a loan or get a grant. Today, helping my young adult daughter attain grants and loans is painfully important. My daughter could not care less because her fiance is financially secure and I am funding her education. She doesn’t understand the importance of having her own source of income even if she does not need it right now. Earlier this year she and I were looking through a travel guide, she wanted us to take a one week vacation in Jamaica, (she works less than full time as a waitress). She truly suffers from false consciousness. Education is more than â€Å"The knowledge or skill obtained† (American Heritage dictionary 2001). Education is an opportunity for vertical mobility. Education is a chance for greater socioeconomic status. In order to gain knowledge, skill and a level of greater earning potential, you have to be able to pay for higher Education.

Introduction to Japan tourism

Japan is ranked as the 1 lath country that compare to the world to have one of the largest population with over 127 million people. Japan's capital Tokyo is one of the largest population cities in the world (The World Fastback 2015). Japan preserved cabana, calligraphy and tea ceremony as their representative traditional cultures. Travel in Japan is convenient due to their advanced infrastructures which include trains, buses, taxis, ferries and light rail. Japan's major cities are connected by high-speed Shakiness trains and it is known for their ‘bullet train'-a modern rail transit sign of Japan (Japan National Tourism Organization 2015).Mouthing (2000) stated that motivation is a state of need or a condition that moves a person toward some kind of acts which it is perceived that will bring fulfillment. When motivation applies to tourism, it means what reason that moves people undergo traveling. Tourist motivation have been put into two dimensions which are ‘pull' and â €˜push' factors and the concept is people travel because they are pushed by their internal forces and pulled by the destination attributes' external forces (Ref 2010).Richardson and Flukier stated that push factors are the forces that excite the demand for tourism activities by pushing people away from their usual place. Pull factors are the forces that emerge as a result of a destination's attractiveness that perceived by the tourists (Bologna & Usual 1996). 2. 0 Defining Socio-psychological Motivations Pull factors are cultural motivations and push factors are socio-psychological motivations (Crampon 1979). There are ten socio-psychological motivations that explained the desire of tourists to go on a vacation and these motivations have been identified by Ryan (1991) which are: 1.Escape – A wish for getting away from perceived environment and life that lack of interest or excitement. 2. Relaxation – A wish for recuperation and refreshment. . Play – travel fo r indulge in activities related with childhood. 4. Strengthening family bonds – traveling with family can improve family relationship. Working parents can also spend time with their children during holidays. 5. Prestige – The selection of destination for holiday is a declaration of lifestyle and it can be seen in terms of increase the social status. 6. Social interaction – Some people seem holidays as an essential social forum.They meet like-minded people with common interests in different destinations. Some of the holidays are designed for people that they are alone and helped them to become part of a group. 7. Romance -? The powerful influence in selecting a destination is the chance of meeting people for the purpose of romantic encounters which are free from the home's limitations. 8. Educational Opportunity – To learn something new is the phenomenon of tourism. Traveling gives people opportunity to learn about other people and places, to understand ot her viewpoints and cultures and to see new sights. 9.Self-fulfillment – Sometimes people will change their perspective and life after they return from their holiday. The journey has been as much self-discovery as discovery of the new people and place. 10. Wish-fulfillment – Holidays can life tourists' dreams which the dream may have maintained a long period of saving. 3. 0 Examples on how Socio-Psychological Motivations can be satisfied in Japan 3. 1 Socio-psychological Motivation : Escape – how can it be satisfied Escape from a routine environment and life that lack of interest or excitement is the main reason that motivates most of the people go travel.The mundane environment that people wants to escape may include the school, work or daily chores that full of stress and the environment which associated with pressure. According to Richardson & Flukier (2008), indulgent tourism is a arm of tourism which caters for the people who wants to escape and get away fro m it all. It is categorized by a search for name brands, luxury and glamour. It provides theme parks, casinos, themed hotels and glamour resorts. Nowadays, modern cruises are a technological marvel and it provides a highly alternative and variable form of holidays to tourists (Quaternion and Peter, 2003).Cruise itineraries is the most suitable to satisfy escape motivation as it provides a total escape, safe transportation to the destination, innovation on-board features, luxurious pampering service and Vegas style entertainment. The most common reasons that people select a cruise holiday are to be entertained and to be looked after in luxury (Cartridge and Braid 1999). Cruises can compete with land based theme parks, hotels and resorts as the size of cruises are become larger and it is able to support many activities such as gym, swimming pool, theatre, spa, golf course and casino (Weaver 2005).Canard's Queen Elizabeth is one of the famous cruise voyage providers and it consists of many on-board activities that built for pleasure ranging from fitness, spa, shopping, leisure, relaxation and galleries. Queen Elizabeth let tourists experience apart from other cruises y organizing dazzling affairs as Buccaneer Ball or Royal Ascot Ball in a setting as stunning as the Queens Ballroom (Canard Line 2015). 3. 1. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 2 Socio-psychological Motivation #2: Relaxation – how can it be satisfied?Relaxation motivation is travel for recuperation and refreshment and it is related to escape motivation. It can be satisfied by choosing a destination that is contrary to the community or environment in which the people are living. Tourists may want to relax and run away from city-like environment which surrounded by technologies and buildings, congestion and noise from icicles and back-to-back meetings. Check-in at a hotel hot-spring is a typical way to relax when traveling to Japan. Takeaway Noun is one of the famous hot-spring hotels that lo cated in Gift.It features Tamil woven-straw flooring throughout and rooms with traditional Japanese designs. Takeaway Noun awarded Trepidation's Certificate of Excellence in 2014. The hotel provides a hearty homemade breakfast buffet, coos family baths and an open-air natural hot-spring bath in their rooftop. Visitors can enjoy the mountain views by using one of the family baths or unwind at the large public bath which consists of a sauna. The hotel's on-site beauty salon also provides the rejuvenating messages for visitors to relax from their stressful life (Lonely Planet 2015).The tourists' relaxation motivation can definitely be satisfied by experiencing the relaxing hot-spring service which provided by Takeaway Noun. 32. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 3 Socio-psychological Motivation #3: Play -? how can it be satisfied? Having fun and indulge in activities that related with childhood can satisfied tourists' play motivation (Ryan 1 991 Tourists visit theme parks that can f ulfill their wish and satisfy their play motivation as tourists can having fun and turn into their carefree State of childhood when visiting theme parks.The purpose of theme parks is to entertain the visitors by conducting the attractions, stunts, animal shows, rides and these are the enjoyment of lot of people. According to Smith 201 2, theme parks are catered for children and adults that who want to return into their carefree state of childhood. The typical way to play when traveling to Japan is to visit the Tokyo Disneyland which is one of the top three most visited theme parks in the world and it is symbolized by the Cinderella Castle in its centerpiece. The park is divided onto seven themed lands and features seasonal parades and decorations.Tokyo Disneyland provides Splash Mountain, the ride that goes through 16 meter high water fall and 45 degree dive over it. Pooch's Hunky Hunt, the pots that ride the wind and bounce around. Tourist can see the gorgeous parades during daytim e and night-time (Tokyo Disney Resort 2015). 3. 3. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 4 Socio-Psychological Motivation #4: Strengthening Family Bonds – how can it be satisfied? Home is where the heart is, families are the one who never leave you away (Branch 2012). Accompany and caring are the greatest gifts that parents give o their children as they grow into adults (Comfort Keepers 2014).The connection between parents and children is essential as children may face hard times such as sex, dating and some identity issues when they grow into adults and these issues will influence them to push their parents away. Thus, spending time to develop and maintain positive relationship with children is necessary and it will bring benefits through a strong relationship (Jumpier 2000). There is a good way on strengthening family bonds by visiting Mother Farm which is a popular destination located in the Kane-azans mountaintop. The Mother Farm has many facilities such as fields, animal farm and orchards.In Mother Farm, families can having fun with the animals include rabbits, sheep, ostriches, camels, ducks, cattle and pigs. It allows visitors to experience cow milking, Guiana pig and rabbit hugging, strawberry' and blueberry picking, ice-cream making and horse riding. Families can also participate the shows such as piggy race, Groomed sheep show and duck's parade. The farm has an amusement park and a nature observation park that allows visitors to see the seasonal flowers and experience the natural environment (Mother Farm 201 5) 3. 4. Commercial Example from Internet 3. 5 Socio-psychological Motivation prestige – how can it be satisfied?According to Examination (2008), having a social status is better than having a lot of money. The reason that people pursue prestige is to enhance their social status which is defined as the individual's position in the social hierarchy. Henries and White (2001 ) stated that social status can be result from the relative c apability of a person to confer benefits on others and it includes the mate value, coordinative relationship, knowledge and also material goods. The typical way to satisfied prestige motivation when revealing to Japan is to visit the Sharing which is a luxury accommodation in Majority.Majority is the main island of the Mimosa group and it has excellent beaches with long fingers of land point out into the sea. It surrounded by the exotic birds' songs and the clean wind which will enriched visitors' body and mind. The average price rate Of Sharing resort is RAMMER per night. The beautiful coral reefs, white beach and the blue sea spreading out like a private beach and it embraced the environment Beside the environment, Sharing is also renowned for their luxury facilities such as golf ours and hot spring. Their environment and facilities can definitely satisfy the tourists' prestige motivation. . 5. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 6 Socio-psychological Motivation #6: Social Inter action – how can it be satisfied? Some people seem holidays as an essential social forum. Seeking social relationships and companionship is the purpose of motivate them to travel (Ryan & Gleeson 1998). They meet like-minded people with common interests by exploring the surroundings and countries. By traveling with the like-minded people, tourists are able to satisfy their social interaction titivation. Skiing is a common reason that motives people to travel in Japan.The mountain that blanked with deep snow making Japan becomes one of the best skiing grounds in the world. Noises is the most popular ski area in Japan and it located in Hookah. It consists of three main ski areas with world class treks which are Noises Inupiat, Noises Village and Noises Grand Hiram and these areas gain momentum on the world stage. Ski lovers from all over the world come to Noises to enjoy the vast Ski Slopes with Powder Snow, extreme winter sports, compete and share the knowledge with each other' s. Ski lessons are providing for every ski beginners and professionals. . 6. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 7 Socio-Psychological Motivation #7: Romance – how can it be satisfied? Romance motivates some of the people travel for honeymoon in order to spice up the relationship with their lover. Traveling to a special and memorable place allows partners spending time together. Their relationship will improve through discussing the itineraries and exchanging their own opinions. The typical way to satisfied romance motivation when traveling to Japan is to visit the Tokyo Tower which is the major sightseeing spot and humbly of Tokyo.The special observatory at 250 meters and the main observatory at 1 50 meters enable visitors to experience a 360-degree Toss's panoramic view. Visitors can enjoy romantic time in the observation cafe at night by dazzling night view and drinking tea. Visitors can also see the Tokyo Tower's illumination that begins at sunset with their lover (Japa n National Tourism Organization 2015). 37. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 8 Socio-Psychological Motivation #8: Educational Opportunity – how can it be satisfied? To learn something new is the phenomenon of tourism.Traveling gives people opportunity to learn about other people and places, to understand other viewpoints and cultures and to see new sights. The typical way to satisfied educational opportunity motivation when traveling to Japan is to visit the Goon Corner which is a unique theatre that located in Kyoto. It presents seven Soot's traditional performing arts in one hour show which are Tea ceremony, Cabana, Kenyon classical comedy, Gaga Imperial Court music, Kyoto and Kombi dance. It is popular among foreign tourists as the performances' explanations are provided in English and Japanese (Kodak 2013).Visitors can learn new things and understand the Soot's traditional cultural after watching the show. 3. 8. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 9 Socio-psychologi cal Motivation #9: Self-Fulfillment – how can it be The progression of being more of who you already are is a result of self- fulfillment (Hartley & Harrison 2009). People have different dreams and goals that they want to achieve in their life and it is mostly developed when they are young. For Example, some of them want to be a singer, teacher and some of them want to be an athlete.When traveling to Japan, people who take martial arts as part of their life can visit the Tokyo Bedouin which is a genuine arena for martial arts. There are many Bedouin buildings in Japan as traditionally Bedouin is an arena for martial arts. Tokyo Bedouin is served as a palace that helps to spread and continue the time-honored Japanese traditional of martial arts. It IS a training facility for martial artists and always used for martial Tournaments. Visitors can look around the arena and see people practicing different types of martial arts include Judo, Kiddo, Keno and Karate.It is a must place to visit in order to understand the arts and satisfied the self-fulfillment motivation. . 9-1 Commercial Example from Internet 3. 10 Socio-psychological Motivation #10: Wish Fulfillment -? how can it be One of the most difficult motivations for people to satisfy is wish-fulfillment. Holidays can fulfill tourists' dreams which the dream may have maintained a long period of saving as the destination may be costly to travel. Southern islands of Japan have become a top choice for people who seek to expand their horizons while tropical locales tend to attract aficionados and novices alike.Most of the people seem Okinawa as a dream place to visit when traveling to Japan. Okinawa keeps attracting divers from all over the world u to its variety of sea animals, landscapes and coral reefs. It is an only place in Japan that can allow diving all year around. Okinawa extraordinary reefs consist of thousands of reef fish, a variety of unique Underbracing and different kind of sea animals. Visito rs can diving and experiencing the beautiful underwater world. Okinawa also offers seasonal specials which include Introit and Night Diver (Reef Encounter 2015). . 10. 1 Commercial Example from Internet 4. 0 Conclusion In conclusion, Japan is one of the most popular countries in Asia and it can satisfy the tourists' ten socio-psychological motivations with its different attractions and tours. However, play motivation can be satisfied easily in Japan but one of the most difficult motivations to satisfy in Japan and also other countries is prestige motivations. People have different requirement for destination and Japan should improve the prestige motivation factor in order to attract more tourists.

Marriage Life & Single Life Essay

We try to make society relationships to find a new happiness ways. One of these relationships is marriage. While there are a few similarities between marriage life and single life, the differences between them are much greater. Single life is full of activities which is similar to others in marriage life. For example, making and spending money, having friends, loving somebody, doing sports, living in your own house, having a job, studying in a collage †¦. etc. The first difference between married life and single life is that the married people more careful in making decisions than the unmarried ones. In single life, people may do serious activities because they are usually less responsible, more independent and there is more freedom in making decisions. The second difference is dependency. You may notice that most married couples prefer to have their own houses more than single people which may still in their family’s house for long time. However, there are more beautiful things to do if you are married. While in marriage life you can have babies (if Allah allows), in single life you actually can’t. Married couples will find someone to share their problems with unlike single. Read more:  Married vs Single Life The major difference between them is how to spend time and money. In single life, it is a quite a bit lonely to do your every day actions and to spend your money. In the other hand, most married couples sharing everything with their families. They often work harder to save money . For example, they spend less money in shopping and eating outside. As we see, marriage life is harder, more interesting and more responsible than single life. In the contrast, single life is easier and less noisy than marriage life. But, we always can have a successful life as single as married.

Strategic Management of Ford Motor Company Essay

Strategic Management of Ford Motor Company - Essay Example The paper tells that one of the key challenges of firms operating in the modern market is to locate the resources required for the development of their activities. The recession of 2008 onwards has led firms in all industries to develop innovative strategies – aim to compete with their rivals and stabilize their position. The industries, which have already reached their higher level of growth, like the automotive industry, are expected to proceed to key strategic measures in order to ensure their survival. In the last two years, the performance of the automotive industry indicates that the specific industry has already reached a high level of performance – compared to the most industrial sectors worldwide. It is for this reason that most firms of the specific industry have started to report losses – which, in certain cases, are extremely high. However, the survival of the firms operating in the specific industry can be achieved through additional measures  œ such the ones developed by managers in Ford Motor Company. Ford was first established in 1903. Since then, the firm has managed to expand its activities at such point, that it is now considered as the third major competitor in the global automotive industry. The firm’s growth is highly based on its brands, which are well known in the global automotive market. On the other hand, the firm has managed to achieve a stable growth, a fact that indicates its ability to transform its strategies in order to meet the market trends. The performance of the firm during the first quarter has been encouraging – compared 2008 when the effects of the crisis on the organizational profitability were made clear. The firm’s external environment should reveal the changes that should be promoted across the organization aiming to ensure the stabilization of the firm’s performance. The major competitors of the firm in the context of the global market are General Motors, Chrysle r, and Toyota – after the bankruptcy of the two first companies, Toyota has been left as the main competitor of Ford.

Edible bird's nest Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Edible bird's nest - Essay Example They are also available in supplements in form of capsules, chewable and liquid. There are various strains of probiotics but the most common are lactobacillus and bifid bacterium. Many of the health claims about probiotic yogurt still require more scientific research to be carried out in order to ascertain the claims. One of the major claim is that probiotic yogurt can change the makeup the gut bacteria for the better. A study conducted at the University of California, Los Angeles in the USA discovered that probiotics can alter the brain function as well. As such, these findings could guide experts in creating dietary interventions that alter mood, anxiety, and stress as well as pain sensitivity. Scholars assert that symbiotic gut bacteria which are the complex ecosystem of micro organisms that are found in the human digestive system promote health benefits by boosting a person’s immunity and as such help with food digestion, maintaining a healthy weight and blood pressure (Heasman et al, 2001). Probiotic yogurt can be used at the work place to keep the workers energized especially for those who do manual work such as construction. It can also rejuvena te the emotional state of the people who are undergoing training or when seated in a seminar hall listening to lectures. This will keep people alert as it is said to boost concentration. Students should also be encouraged to take probiotic yogurt to enhance their understanding in class as well as improving their brain performance. Studies done on rodents seem to suggest that dietary changes to the gut bacteria altered the emotional behaviour and sensitivity to pain. However, there is little evidence to prove that bacteria eaten in food can alter brain function. In a study by the same university, a research was conducted that revealed that those who ate probiotic yogurt for a month showed improved brain function in both resting brain activity

The UK National Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The UK National Curriculum - Essay Example For the essay to critically analyze the National Curriculum, it will try to elaborate why the curriculum was deemed necessary, examine the different negative and positive consequences related with the curriculum implementation since 1988. Outline of the UK National Curriculum According to National Curriculum Council (1991), the National Curriculum was adopted with the main purpose to standardize the content that is taught in State Schools. This was meant to enable assessment which consequently will enable the league table compilation. The league table details the statistics of assessment for each school. Moreover, league tables combined with the provision for a choice to parents in assigning schools for their children were created with the main intention for free market encouragement. This allowed parents to choose schools for their children based on the ability to teach the National Curriculum (National Curriculum Council (Great Britain) 1989). The UK National Curriculum was structu red in key stages and based on subjects. This covered the core subjects such as mathematics, English and science and the foundation subjects such as Geography, Art, Music, History, Technology and Physical Education. Moreover, the subjects were being studied from 5 to 16 years of age (Great Britain 1997). It was mandatory for each school to teach Religious Studies and other areas such as health, personal and social education. When and why the curriculum developed The department of science and education issued a consultation document that outlines the national curriculum. After consultation, the parliament passed the education reform act of 1988 which established the National Curriculum framework. The implementation of the curriculum commenced in 1989 and continued till mid 1990s (Walker & Soltis 2004). Great Britain (1999) points out that the first phase of the four key stages testing was finished in 1991. In addition, the school inspection responsibility was transferred from the ins pectors of her majesty and the inspection teams of the local authority in 1993 to inspection of independent teams. The new work was to be coordinated by the new depart of state. According to Wales (2001), the documentation of the National Curriculum outlines the two main aims for the development of the National Curriculum. The first aim was that the school curriculum should strive to give all pupils opportunities to learn and excel (Great Britain 1997). National Curriculum Council (Great Britain) elaborates the aim that the schools are entitled to develop commitment to, enjoyment and learning as a mode of stimulating and encouraging the best progress possible and the best pupil’s attainment. Moreover, the curriculum should build interests, strengths and experience of the pupils and develop to their capacity their confidence to enable the pupils learn and independently work in collaboration. The curriculum is also intended to equip the pupils with learning skills which are ess ential such as numeracy, literacy and information and communication technology and lastly to promote an inquisitive mind and capacity to rationally think (Duckett, Sixsmith & Kagan 2008). National Curriculum Council (Great Britain) (1991) points out that the school curriculum should help the pupil’s development of sense of identity through understanding and knowledge of the spiritual, social, moral and cultural heritages of the diverse society of

Change Management Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change Management Plan - Research Paper Example Moreover, they may also pair the resistive employees with the cooperative ones who have adapted the change. This will go a long way in helping all the employees realize that the changes lead to positive outcomes. To guarantee that the changes succeed, the managers can set up some achievable goals (Jackson, Schuler, Werner, & Jackson, 2009). In order for the firm to come up with a system, which enables all employees to use one system, Riordan Manufacturing implemented a plan that included all the changes required to create the customer management system. The plan implementation is always the hardest part. Therefore, to ensure effectiveness, the plan entails monitoring and adequate evaluation. Within 12 months, an open communication strategy could be applied. The open communication strategy involves employees sharing their ideas, feedback and criticism. All the employees, regardless of their level or position, will feel like they are part of the decision-making concerning the necessary changes. By involving employees, this normally augments their satisfaction as well as ensuring success of the plan. For this strategy to be a success, employees have to feel free and safe to share their ideas as well as opinions. Effective communication is the key to reducing employee resistance to change (Samson & Bevington, 2012). An evaluation plan involves documenting the evaluation and monitoring details of the customer information system and varied improvements required following the results. The plan will ensure that all parties involved understand changes and assist in the facilitation of a smooth transaction. A continuous monitoring of the system will evaluate its effectiveness. This is achievable by several outcomes including measuring customer satisfaction, employees’ morale and evaluating financial statements (Phillips, Phillips & ZuÃŒ nÃŒÆ'iga, 2013). All plants will conduct frequent meetings to update the employees on the

Drug Epidemics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Drug Epidemics - Research Paper Example Although parenthood brings with it an overt phase of endless concern and wellbeing of children becomes the topmost priority, the main concern is regarding bad habits and addictions that their children may succumb to under peer pressure. Abuse of prescription drugs among college students has become an increasing trend in a lot of campuses. Students use these drugs in huge volumes not only to get feelings of intoxication, but also to help them to concentrate for tests or papers, to alleviate themselves from depression or anxiety as well as to help improve their stamina for sports and athletics. A lot of people have stereotypes about who an addict or alcoholic is and how he or she would behave, however, majority of people do not connect this image with young students. Drug education has been made compulsory in the United States all through grade schools and yet the use of drugs continues to increase in college students. Once the students graduate from their high schools, they leave the safe ambit provided by their schools and enter the negatively influential atmosphere of colleges. College life is considered as a period for experimentation, and for some students certain experimentation develops into a bad addiction. When it comes to addiction, age is not a factor that stands in way, moreover, youth proves to be a greater factor that forces students to surrender themselves to bad habits, as peer pressure is more dominant among youngsters. The issues regarding the use of drugs as well as consumption of alcohol among students are significantly growing more serious. The social environment of colleges increasingly encourages the use and abuse of drugs, among which binge-drinking is the most common. Drugs and alcohol pose various threats and problems for both male and female students alike, the effect showing significant decrease in their scores during examinations. This kind of substance abuse is primarily the reason for nearly a third of dropouts in colleges. In an atmosphere where binge drinking is widespread, the number of related legal complications and offences also increase. Illegal drugs, drunk driving and underage possession of alcohol and marijuana can cost fines and also entail imprisonment. Injuries, sexual assault as well as fights are more likely to occur when one has been inebriated by alcohol or intoxicated by drugs. Nearly half of campus injuries are caused due to alcohol consumption according to various studies. Parents and youth in particular need to be well educated with reference to the dangers of the abuse and misuse of presc ription drugs. However, there is a general misperception amongst a lot of youngsters as well as parents that prescription drugs do not have as much as negative impacts when compared to illegal drugs since they are FDA approved. A lot of parents do not understand the risks related with giving prescribed medicine to youngsters or other family members for whom the medicine was not approved. On the other hand, some parents who do provide their children with prescription drugs, do not necessarily pay attention to how their children use or misuse these drugs. Teenagers and youth alike, gain access to unused prescription drugs from the medication cabinets, which their parents often leave open, not considering a situation that their children might use those drugs. â€Å"

Quantitative Critique of Research Paper Effect of Nursing Rounds on Essay

Quantitative Critique of Research Paper Effect of Nursing Rounds on Patients - Essay Example Background to the study The call light is very significant with regards to patient care in hospitals but it can be noted that this same call light can pose a challenge to nurses given that the demand for their time may also be increased. Various studies have revealed that the patients’ frequent use of the call light have unfavourable effects especially on patient care management units which is compounded by issues such as shortages of staff as well as general dissatisfaction among the nursing staff. However, there is little empirical research about rounding which is concerned about conducting bedside rounds among the patients. Therefore, this study has been significantly influenced by mainly two factors: to find out more about the observations made with regards to the amount of time spent by nurses responding to call lights and the impact of this practice on patient care management and measures that can be taken in order to assist nurses as well as hospitals to improve their d aily operations as well as the safety of the patients. Research has shown that patients mainly use call lights mainly for other non medical purposes such as the need to use toilets or other aspects related to food. However, there is need to research is needed to determine the best way of reducing call light use and burnout and fatigue among the people involved in this particular task in hospitals as well as increase the safety and satisfaction of the patients. Other studies have observed that an interdisciplinary rounding exercise is effective since it can positively improve patient care as well as operational efficiency while at the same time guaranteeing satisfaction of the health care personnel. Normally, the patients derive their satisfaction from their perceptions about the nurses especially with regards to the care they receive and in most cases, the call light is used for various purposes to determine the level of satisfaction of the patients. Therefore, the crux of this stud y has been to investigate the effectiveness of the use of the call light on patient satisfaction with regards to falls and its impact on the performance of the nurses. Problem statement In the study above, the problem statement can be summarised as: to what extent is there a correlation between the use of call light in nursing rounds as well as improved satisfaction of the customers and reduced workload on nurses? It has been observed that unscheduled use of call light negatively impacts on the nurses while on the other hand their failure to respond to the patients’ needs often results in reduced satisfaction. Therefore, it can be noted that this research is a twofold process which affects both parties involved in either a positive way or negative manner. In my own view, I think this problem statement is a researchable topic given that it is closely related to the nursing profession. The study also focuses on a population on a population sample collected from different hospit als to show that this problem identified is common in different healthcare centres. Given such a scenario, it can be seen that there is need to address this problem in order to improve the welfare of the nursing professionals as well as satisfaction of the customers from the services they get from the hospitals. It can also be seen that the

Improving sustainable development of oil and gas in the Niger Delta in Essay

Improving sustainable development of oil and gas in the Niger Delta in Nigeria - Essay Example On the same note, the ability of the future generation is said to be determined today, when the magnitude of that generation in the future is unknown. Niger Delta is rich in oil and gas deposits among other valuable minerals. Sustainable development in the context of oil and gas in the Niger Delta is more tailored towards environmental management. The environment needs to be monitored and influenced in certain way in a bid to enhance human and business habitation in the region. In other words, sustainable development of oil and gas in the Niger Delta encompasses a sustainable management of human interaction and environmental resources to benefit both the society and the business undertakings in this region in present and future times (World Bank, 2002; Amnesty International, 2009). Environmental aspect of the oil and gas in the Niger Delta Oil and gas activities in the Niger Delta are significant drivers of the economy in the region and in Nigeria at large. A good proportion of oil a nd gas deposits are found in this region. Although most people’s livelihoods are based in the oil and gas industry, environmental management is quite a concern. ... As the situation stands in Niger Delta, there are a number of environmental problems that have resulted from the oil and gas industry in this region. They include: seismic activity, drilling operation, transportation, exploitation and exploration and refining of crude oil (Nwilo, 2003, p.76). To benefit from oil and gas earnings, it is undisputable that the above activities have to be undertaken. However, the resulting environmental degradation cannot be ignored especially in the light of sustainable development. It is important to note that oil and gas activities are not the sole cause of environmental degradation in the Niger Delta. Other contributing factors include: human livelihood activities, bunkering and militia activities, construction activities and industrial pollution (Oyibo Online, 2011). Sustainable development is highly dependent on environmental sustainability in current and future times. This is because it directly influences cultural, social, economic and political aspects of a nation indiscriminately. Therefore, in order to improve sustainable development of oil and gas in the Niger Delta, environmental degradation that results from it is crucial to address. The needs of a society cut across social, economic and political factors. Aspects of Sustainable Development in the Niger Delta The improvement of sustainable development of oil and gas in the Niger Delta should encompass social, economic and political interests. A sustainable environmental integrates human habitation and business aspects to environmental welfare. This means that a sustainable relationship among the three variables improves sustainable development, impacting positively to the social, economic and political needs of current and future

Marketing Program Failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Program Failures - Essay Example Marketing entails the link between economic response patterns and society’s material requirements. In fact, content marketing main aim is to attract customers and retain by consistently curating valuable and relevant content with an intention of changing consumer behavior. This, therefore, means that for any marketing program to succeed, the material requirements must always be appealing. However, if the marketing program has a poor content, then the possibility of the program to fail remains high. A marketing program does not have to be valuable for it to be considered perfect to the audience (Hündgen, 2011). The marketer does not have to overspend in order to achieve quality marketing. Simple programs also sell to the audience. In fact, it needs to be better that the other competing marketing programs. The standards of the marketing program should always be higher. Poor program content does not attract consumers but instead, it creates noise or misleads them, which makes it likely to fail. Poor program content can also be reflected in the grammar of the text. Incorrect grammar in the program sends wrong signals about the program. Therefore, it is always important to proofread and check the spellings of the content before posting. First impressions always send a powerful message to the audience, and they always last a longtime. Being positive in the content will, therefore, sell the company. The content must be done in such a way that it calls the reader into action. It should always tell the reader what they want to hear after reading the program. Many marketing programs simply fail because their recipients never know what to do. Marketers must always close their programs with phrases that give their audience a direction to where they are found. It is quite evident that even some of the best marketing programs are not appreciated

Ocean carrier Essay Example for Free

Ocean carrier Essay The purpose of this report is to evaluate whether Ocean Carriers Inc. should immediately commission a new capesize carrier that would cost $39 million, and would be completed two years hence, in order to finalize a lease of the ship for a three-year period with a potential charterer in very good faith. The contrasting tax regulations between the two countries where the company locates its office, and the different cost-benefit circumstances under different length of time in service are considered in the analysis. Taking all available information into consideration, we highly recommend that the company should purchase the new capesize carrier, have it registered under the Hong Kong office, and put it on a scheme for a 25-year service. Industry Prospects Capesize carriers are mainly used to carry iron ore and coal worldwide. The daily hire rates are therefore determined by the total exports of iron ore and coal, the distance between the exporting countries and the destinations, and the fleet size of capesizes in service. According to the market trends, in the next few years, Australian production in iron ore is expected to be strong and Indian iron ore exports are expected to take off. However, imports of iron ore and coal are expected to be stagnant in next two years. Therefore, total exports of iron ore and coal will be flat in the coming two years, and will rise remarkably in the following few years. Besides, as East Asia countries absorb the largest portion of the iron ore imports, the joining of India to the iron ore exporting won’t significantly increase travel distance because Australia is almost the same distance away by water. Moreover, in 2001 and 2002, 63 and 33 new capesize vessels would be delivered adding up to about 17% of total capesizes currently in service. Consequently, in the first two years, the supply of capesizes would be greater than the demand, the daily hire rates are expected to decrease. But in the mid-to-long run, the daily hire rates are expected to increase continuously. Revenues and Costs Intuitions Before going into the numbers, we want to discuss some intuitions of this project that support the decision of purchasing the capesize. First, the increasing mid-to-long run daily hire rates will provide basis for promising future cash flows. Secondly, although the daily hire rate for the first two years are expected to be low, the charterer had already offered a rate higher than expected to compensate the company. Thirdly, a great portion of the expenditures come from the preparation for special surveys which should be renewed every five years if the ship needs to stay in the business. The high escalation of costs between the second and third surveys, and the fourth and fifth surveys, indicates that maximum net present value of the project would be achieved when the carrier serves for either 15 years or 25 years. Free Cash Flows In this part, we will discuss the detailed numbers. Some assumptions are made based on the economic outlook and company characteristics when calculating free cash flows. We assume that inflation rate is 3% per annual, and that operation cost would increase 1% above inflation rate per annual. We assume that discount rate is 9%, and will discuss the impact of a rate change later. Provided that the scrape value is estimated to be $5 million at the end of the fifteenth year, we estimate that the value would decrease to $4 million due to more wear in the steel. Please refer to Exhibits 1 to 4 for the calculations of estimated free cash flows and NPVs. We can see that if the company chooses to purchase the capesize, have it registered in Hong Kong instead of USA, and runs it for 25 years, the NPV will be the highest compared to other alternatives. Besides, the Hong Kong option (have the vessel registered in Hong Kong) dominates the USA option (have the vessel registered in USA) because no tax is required in Hong Kong in these operations. Also, the 25-year option dominates the 15-year option because, even if the scrap value is reduced to zero after 25 years, the NPVs for options that keep the capesize for 25 years are still higher than for 15 years. Sensitivity Analysis In the above calculations for the NPVs, we assume discount rate to be 9%. If the discount rate is higher, the NPVs for the projects will be reduced because the benefits from recording depreciation and tax deferring will increase. For example, we found that the USA-25-year option will produce a positive NPV if the discount rate is lowered to 6.67%. However, even if the discount rate is as low as 0.1%, the HK option still dominates the US option, and the 25-year option still dominates the 15-year option. Conclusion To sum up, if Ocean Carriers Inc. purchase a $39 million capesize carrier immediately, register it in Hong Kong, sign the three-year contract with the charterer, and keep the vessel in business for 25 years, based on estimations, it would acquire the largest possible NPV of $3.89 million on the project.

Music And Its Effect On The Psychology Of Teenagers Media Essay

Music And Its Effect On The Psychology Of Teenagers Media Essay There has been a massive amount of research, trying to identify the psychological and behavioral effects of music on a teenager. Society stigmatizes different genres with common belief and misconceptions, such as listening to classical music makes someone smarter and heavy metal and hardcore rap causes uncontrollable rage and hostility. Stereotypes, misconceptions, and the tendency to interpret observations and research too broadly have tainted the true essence of musical psychology, which is the analysis of how different musical aspects react with the behavioral and emotional aspects of teenagers. Deeha (2008) [online] According to brainyquote.com (n.d) [online], Music is defined as The science and the art of tones i.e., sounds of higher or lower pitch, begotten of uniform and synchronous vibrations, as of a string at various degrees of tension; the science of harmonical tones which treats of the principles of harmony, or the properties, dependences and relations of tones to each other; the art of combining tones in a manner to please the ear. Music is also defined as vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. Oxforddictionaries.com (n.d) [online] Music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective. What may be music to one may not be so to another. Estrella (n.d) [online] Definitions.net defines music as an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and emotions in significant forms through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony and dynamics. Definitions.net (n.d) [online] Merriam-Webster.com (n.d) [online] defines psychology as the mental or behavioral characteristics of an individual or group or the study of mind and behavior in relation to a particular field of knowledge or activity. Dictionary.com (n.d) [online] defines psychology as  the  mental make-up  or  structure  of  an  individual  that causes  him  or  her  to  think  or  act  in  the  way  he or  she  does. There are many theories regarding when and where music originated. Many agree that music began even before man existed. Historiographers point out that there are six periods of music and each period has a particular style of music that greatly contributed to what music is today. Estrella (n.d) [online] Medieval/Middle Ages Music during the Middle Ages is characterized by the beginning of musical notation as well as polyphony. During this time, there were two general types of music styles; the monophonic and the polyphonic.Estrella (n.d) [online]. Monophonic means one note  at a time  while polyphonic means two or more  different  notes  at the same time. wiki.answers.com (n.d) [online] Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth and in music this period brought about many changes in the way music was created and perceived. Estrella (n.d) [online] Classical The music of the Classical period, which spans from 1750 to 1820, is characterized by simpler melodies and forms such as the sonatas. The piano was undoubtedly the primary instrument used by composers during the Classical period. Estrella (n.d) [online] Romantic Historiographers define the Romantic Music period to be between 1800 to 1900. It is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea, and the use of various instruments including wind instruments. Melodies are fuller and more dramatic. Estrella (n.d) [online] 20th Century Music during the 20th century brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated. Artists were more willing to experiment on new music forms and used technology to enhance their compositions. Estrella (n.d) [online] TYPES Music is of different types. We have; Classical Music Rock Blues Jazz RB Hip-Hop Reggae Country New Age. Bhattacharyya (2012) [online] Rock and roll is a form of music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, with roots in mainly Blues, Country, RB, Folk and Gospel music, and quickly spread to the rest of the world. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Classic rock and roll is played with one or two electric guitars (one lead, one rhythm), a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the earliest rock and roll styles, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s. The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a unique social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, influenced lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Jazz is an American musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States from a confluence of African and European music traditions. The styles West African pedigree is evident in its use of blue notes, improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and the swung note. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online]   From its early development until the present, jazz has also incorporated music from 19th and 20th century American popular music. The word jazz began as a West Coast slang term of uncertain derivation and was first used to refer to music in Chicago in about 1915. Jazz has, from its early 20th century inception, spawned a variety of subgenres, from New Orleans Dixieland dating from the early 1910s, big band-style swing from the 1930s and 1940s, bebop from the mid-1940s, a variety of Latin jazz fusions such as Afro-Cuban and Brazilian jazz from the 1950s and 1960s, jazz-rock fusion from the 1970s and late 1980s developments such as acid jazz, which blended jazz influences into funk and hip-hop. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Hip-hop  music, also referred to as  rap music, is a music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with backing beats. Hip hop music is part of culture, which began in the Bronx, New York City in the 1970s, predominantly among African Americans and Latinos. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop music. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Rapping is a vocal style in which the performer speaks rhythmically and in rhyme, generally to a beat. Beats are traditionally generated from portions of other songs by a DJ, or sampled from portions of other songs by a producer, though synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands are also used, especially in newer music. Rappers may perform what they have written down ahead of time, or improvise on the spot with or without a beat which has become known as free-styling. Though rap is usually an integral component of hip hop music, DJs sometimes perform and record alone and many instrumental acts are also defined as hip hop. In the 1990s, a form called gangsta rap became a major part of American music, causing controversy over lyrics which were perceived by some as promoting violence, promiscuity and drug use. Nevertheless, hip hop continued to increase in popularity, and by the year 2000, it was a staple of popular music charts. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady. Reggae is based on a rhythmic style characterized by regular beats on the off-beat, known as the skank. Reggae is normally slower than ska, and usually has accents on the first and third beat in each bar. Reggae song lyrics deal with many subjects, including religion, love, sexuality, peace, relationships, poverty, injustice and other social and political issues. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] Country music is a blend of popular musical forms originally found in the Southern United States and the Appalachian Mountains. It has roots in traditional folk music, Celtic music, gospel music, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the earlier term hillbilly music was deemed to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while country and Western has declined in use since that time, except in the United Kingdom and Ireland, where it is still commonly used in the United States. In the Southwestern United States a different mix of ethnic groups created the music that became the Western music of the term country and Western. Acesandeights.com (n.d) [online] All these types of music have different effects on different teenagers; both positive and negative. The average person spends several hours a day listening to music, whether they see it as a main activity or just as something to take up space in the background. It is not surprising, then, that music has a great effect on how humans think and act, possibly even affecting intelligence. Several studies have been conducted on this theory; though some results are questionable, the consensus view seems to be that music has the capacity for both positive and negative effects. Andrew (n.d) [online] In America; Researchers found that people could make accurate judgments about an individuals levels of extraversion, creativity and open-mindedness after listening to ten of their favorite songs. Extraverts tend to seek out songs with heavy bass lines, while those who enjoy more complex styles such as jazz and classical music tend to be more creative and have higher IQ-scores. Another study conducted by researchers at Herriot-Watt University looked at more than 36,000 participants from all over the world. Participants were asked to rate more than 104 different musical styles in addition to offering information about aspects of their personality. Cherry (n.d) [online] Also, music can have a positive therapeutic effect. Musical therapy uses music and all aspects of music to improve and maintain physical, emotional, social, and spiritual health of an individual and is defined by the Music Therapy Association as an evidence based music intervention to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic setting. People of all ages can reap the benefits of musical therapy, especially those who suffer mental health disorders, developmental disorders, Alzheimers disease, substance abuse, brain injuries, physical disabilities, or chronic pain. Pediatrics.aapublication.org [online] The lyrics of music also affect the psychology of teenagers. Music lyrics have undergone dramatic changes since the introduction of rock music more than 40 years ago. This is an issue of vital interest and concern. Pediatrics.aapublication.org [online] Rock music lyrics have become more explicit-particularly with reference to sex, drugs, and violence. Recently, heavy metal and gangsta rap music lyrics have had the greatest concern. In some cases, the lyrics communicate potentially harmful messages such as drug use, sexually transmitted diseases, injuries, homicide, and suicide have all become part of everyday life for many American teens. Pediatrics.aapublication.org [online] In the U.K; Heavy-metal music has been a source of controversy since its origin in the 1980s. Heavy metal typically contains aggressive music, accompanied by violent lyrics, leaving many to claim that it can have certain negative effects on the teenagers that listen to it. There have been several studies done to test the effects that heavy metal actually has on teenagers. Godard (n.d) [online] One of the most vocalized claims about heavy-metal music is that it makes its listeners, especially its young listeners, more violent. A study done by Loyola University has found that this is, in fact, not true and there is no direct relationship between heavy-metal music and violence in teenagers. In fact, it was found that participants that listened to heavy-metal music were less violent than those in the control group. The reason is unclear, but one guess is that since the listener is exposed to violent music, they become adverse to it and decrease their desire to be violent. Godard (n.d) [online] Also, the Calgary Herald has reported that teenagers with higher levels of intelligence are naturally drawn to heavy-metal music, specifically because it relieves the pressure of a stressful life. There is also a large sense of community and solidarity among fans of heavy-metal music, something that intelligent people prefer. Listening to heavy metal is seen by most teens as a way of releasing their internal anger and can actually help relax teens, leading to more hard work and increased academic performance. Godard (n.d) [online] Furthermore, it has been found that there is a link between the amount of heavy-metal music a teenager listens to and the so-called macho personality. Teenagers that listen to heavy metal a lot are more likely to fall into a personality type that craves constant sensation and thrills from life. These will be generally extroverted individuals sexually, though they may not be socially. Godard (n.d) [online] Lastly, all kinds of music have an effect on mood. Heavy-metal music was tested to see if it evoked positive or negative emotions in its listeners. A study by Shaleen L. Coss of the psychology department at Loyola University found that participants who listened to heavy-metal music with violent lyrics and music were less likely to feel depression afterward than those who listened to non-violent songs. They also found that heavy-metal music listeners had higher self-esteem than other participants because of the rush one feels from violent music. Godard (n.d) [online] In Nigeria; Akpogena (n.d) [online] says Music captures the heart. It is a powerful spiritual force. It can be a tool of great good or a weapon of great destruction. Too much of our popular music is not even singable. Not only is it often without recognizable tune, pitch, cadence or tenor and even without melody, harmony or regular rhythm but it is also so profane that it is unrepeatable. Many rap and rock songs have gone far beyond the mere bounds of pornography to vile brutality, scatological filth, sadistic nihilism, blasphemous irreverence and provocative decadence. Previously, pop music was almost always sentimental, sappy and insubstantial. Now, it is nightmarishly barbaric. With the advent of grunge rock, hip-hop, goth rock, gangsta rap, death metal and speed metal, a new wave of wildly angry music with minimal melody lines or hooks, harsh and distorted electronics, incessant syncopations, and vile lyrics has swept onto center stage. Steeped in a hopeless worldview of suicide, occultis m, sexual abuse, self-mutilation, brutal sadism and random revenge, the music is depressing, dark and deleterious. ANALYSIS The works above shows that music that music has both positive and negative effects and the type of music that a teenager prefers can create a significant effect on how the teenager behaves. It also shows that classical music, specifically Mozart, can cause an increase in the academic performance of a teenager. Furthermore it also shows that the lyrics in the songs teenagers listen to affects the way a teenager behaves and thinks. As the lyrics become more explicit, so does the teenager. CONCLUSION Music has both positive and negative effects and it differs from one teenager to another.

Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: The human identity

Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: The human identity The portrayal of the human identity in the poems of Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky: Literature plays an important role in the society that is not only related to the level of entertainment. Through the various genres of literature, we can represent ideas to the society through the specific thematic issues raised within the fabric of the texts. Poetry serves the same purpose in the society. Through the use of beauty in the language such as the symbolic sound give the genre an entertaining perspective. Aside from the entertainment, the ideas of the poet about the society are equally presented. The opinions of the writer about a specific subject such as the personal identity and its implication in a society are possible views that can be intertwined in the themes texts. The poems of Walt Whitman and the novella by Dostoyevsky are no exceptions. It is possible that the authors' use of the thematic issues is a portrayal of their opinions about the society. Here, I examine the possible difference or similarity in the portrayal of human identity in the works by the tw o authors. Specifically the works that are selected for this analysis are the poems A noiseless patient spider, the song of myself and A Sight in Camp all by Walt Whitman. Notes from the underground are the work by Dostoyevsky that will be looked at here. Thesis: Non-conformity and independence are used as the major formulators of personal identity in the works of Walt Whitman and Dostoyevsky. Non-conformity is taken in this paper to mean the lack of respect or appreciation for societal expectations. It means that the social obligations and the desire to be free from societal expectation will make a person have the propensity to be independent. This independence is the key factor that will shape the identity of persons in a society. When a child asks the persona about grass in the poem song of myself, the persona could not give an answer about the same question. This sends him wondering in thought in a journey that takes him through the continent of America (Whitman, 56). His epic journey in thought makes him fall in love with nature and he does believe that there is nothing bad that will not contribute to a positive outcome in the system that is nature. Transcendental philosophy and the freedom of thought, in this case, is what informs the persona's identity. The persona develops an opinion of the world through the examination of the different aspects of the society in thought. the cause this is that it is easier to construct the possibilities of the society through the mind. In notes from the underground, the author's intent is to show that through the use of conscious thinking, the personality of an individual can be formed. The narrator, in this case, informs us that the ability to take revenge is in fact not a possibility to him. This is driven by his ability to construct and analyse the possibilities of the action. He believes that the consequences of his actions could lead to other disasters that can be of even more consequences. As a result, the persona opts to do simply nothing but imagine things in the society. This makes him unable to confront his colleagues despite the fact that they have clearly shown that they despised him. The norm in any society is that if anything is wrong, the obligation is on the people living in this society to make changes to the same effect. The use of imagination and the resultant utopia created by the imaginations can also be seen as shaping the identity of the persona in notes from the underground. The persona believes that he could escape from the overall boredom created by work and interpersonal relation through the use of a mental process or imagination on the same. This position can be taken from the fact that the main desire of the persona is to be independent of any external forces that shape the relationships that he had in society. In the poetic works of Whitman especially the A Noiseless Patient Spider, the persona envisions his soul wandering in a vast open space of the ocean while he stands on a promontory (Whitman, 405). The idea that is being projected in the text here is the independence and the lack of influence of any other societal factors like interpersonal relationships. In reality, the possibility of the existence of no factors to influence the thinking or the actions of an individual is a societal impossibility. The author, therefore, uses a level of lack of conformity and adherence to societal norms in these works. The only possibility of the lack of any interference in the society is if there is no individual living with the persona in the same society. A Sight in Camp is also a poem that is used by Whitman to further the ideal of wishful thinking and independence from the social norms. In this poem, the author knows that it is possible for members of different ages and sex to experience suffering occasioned by disease. Still, the author deliberately talks of a faceless perfection and lack of suffering even in a medical camp (Whitman 276). The author's intent is to make us imagine that there is a society in which all the suffering is not present and that people do not recognise each other from a physical perspective. The assumption that the author is also driving here is that there is a possibility of achieving the level of equity that appreciates all beings as perfectly similar regardless of age and social standings. In notes from the underground, the author takes a different approach to dealing with the society, suffering and utopia. The author opines that it is possible that the level of suffering brought about by the different factors in a society could be the norm. However, the use of science and the rationality is a major cause for the deviation of the norm. The persona argues that through suffering, it is possible to have an individual to receive honour or ennoblement. This ennoblement or honour could be what the normal individual would want for themselves and identity. The deviation from this normal point and the lessening of suffering by scientists and rationalists is the cause of a strive towards a utopian society. The argument that the author proposes here is also related to the independence of choice. In a society that the realists and the scientists are constantly working towards making life better, the common man is left with no other choice. The desire to experience anything in life like work and social life is constantly challenged by the idea that are floated by the members of these bodies. The result is that everyone is whipped away from what they so desire and instead moved towards what other people think is ideal. The result is that their personal identity is changed through conforming to these norms but their independence to choose is denied. In conclusion, the main area of discussion in this article concerned the use of non-conformity to societal norms and the level of effect of independence in the creation of personal identity. A review of the works by the two authors reveals a level of similarity in approaches given to the subject of identity in the texts. In all the works, transcendental philosophy underpins the formation of the identity of the persona of the work. According to Dostoyevsky, the use of imagination or conscious thinking has led the persona not to act in any way to change the situation that is prevailing. Despite him realising that it could be wrong or the situation is not right, the consequences of the action hold the persona back. It also affects the level of independence that the author has regarding the ability to make choices on the actual desires like escaping from boredom. Whitman also uses the same philosophy in determining the identity of the persona in most of the works. According to the author , the epic mental journey that is provoked by a Childs question about grass (Whitman 56) has led to a lot of discoveries. The nature of the personal self is among the things that the persona has discovered in the process. Much of the idea that, therefore, shapes the identity of the persona are therefore brought out in a transcendent way. The only difference is in the way the authors handle the concept of the ideal society and the independence to choose a personal identity. In notes from the underground, the persona opines that the choice of the members of the society is not independent. It argues that the choice is as a result of the scientific view of a utopian society. Whitman in contrast feels that it is highly necessary to have a utopian society where everyone is equal, there is no suffering. This idea is explicitly projected in A noiseless patient spider (Whitman 405). It is, therefore, important to conclude that both the authors employ the use of non-conformity and independence as the major formulators of the identity of individuals. Works cited Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes from the Underground. Broadview Press, 2014. Whitman, Walt. The Complete Poems of Walt Whitman. Wordsworth Editions, 1995.

Owens Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori Essay -- Poetry Analysis W

Through the use of poetry, we are able to powerfully discuss an idea or opinion about certain topics that could not be so eloquently conveyed through other literary media. Wilfred Owen was both a Soldier Poet during WWI. He was a man firmly against the idea of sending young boys off to war with the promise of glory. His views of war and the gruesome reality that it is, is deeply rooted within this poem and emphasized though the use of vivid imagery, persuasive similes and carefully constructed figurative language. Owen’s opinion that death by war is neither â€Å"sweet nor proper† as the sarcastic title suggests; resonates straight through to the last line – Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori2, which is rightfully preceded by the phrase â€Å"The old Lie.† This poem brilliantly shows how thoughtful use of effective words can shape our feelings and emotions. With this in mind, the first line of this poem begins with a powerful simile, â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks.† Here we get a strong comparison; an image of a duality within the soldiers. Once proud serving men, to now bent and crippled creatures, hobbling about like dirty, mud covered old beggars. The strength in these first few words is immense. Not only as a simile but also as bold imagery. I could write an entire essay on the effectiveness of this carefully constructed first line, the colors and sounds that come to mind are incredible, but I digress; let’s continue on. In addition to powerful line one, we are thrown into an equally powerful line two. â€Å"Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge.† Owen again uses a brilliant simile; showing the humanistic side of the once proud and innocent soldiers; to this now creature l ike hag. The word hag itself imp... ...n what war stands for, only in the camaraderie among men, and the sacrifice they make in risking their lives to save another’s. Works Cited â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Pro patria mori.† Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2008. Web. Hibberd, Dominic. Wilfred Owen: A New Biography. 1st ed. Ivan R. Dee Publisher, (2003): 368. Print. Pope, Jessie. â€Å"Who’s for the Game.† Jessie Pope’s war poems. Nabu Press Publisher, (2010): 11. Print. Owen, Wilfred. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est.† The Harbrace Anthology of Literature. 4th ed. Ed. Jon C. Stott, Raymond E. Jones, and Rick Bowers, Toronto: Nelson Thomson, (2006).: 238-239. Print. Quinn, William A. â€Å"Multiple Metrics in Wilfred Owen’s ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’.† English Language Notes 21.2 (1983): 38-41. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Print. 15 Nov. 2010 Starr, Edwin. â€Å"War.† War and Peace / Involved. Universal, 2003. CD

The Battle of France Essay -- The Fall of France, Nazi Invasion of 194

1. Introduction 2. History 3. Planning/Preparation 4. Execution/Action 5. Lessons Learned 6. Works Cited Introduction In the spring of 1940 Europe was enveloped in war. The German military machine had already conquered Poland, Denmark, and Norway. However, not content with northern and eastern expansion, Adolf Hitler wanted to control the western countries in Europe. Hitler had long been obsessed with attacking and controlling France. After their defeat in World War I, the German people, government, and military were humiliated by the enormous post war sanctions leveraged against them from the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler wanted to defeat and humiliate the French people in the same way that his country had to experience. For him, revenge was necessary. The German plan was to swing into France using a new tactic know as Blitzkrieg or â€Å"Lightning War†. Blitzkrieg used speed and surprise along with highly concentrated tank corps, supported by mechanized infantry and airplanes. Warfare was in a state of transition. Older commanders and generals in the French and British militaries were very cavalry and infantry focused. These commanders believed that cavalry, infantry, and artillery would assure victory in any circumstance, against any foe. They clung to the static tactics of the bygone World War I era. World War I had been fought primarily on French soil, and the military as well as the government never wanted that to happen again, therefore they wanted to reinforce their main border against any future German. Little did they know that only twenty two years later they would be bested by German forces in a way that would shock the world. This research will be analyzing many important assumptions, oversights,... ... many French commanders not even knowing where their own subordinate units were located.11 The French placed their defense in old, outdated tactics of static warfare. Gone were the days of two sides slugging it out against prepared reinforced defense structures. Closely integrating concentrated armor, infantry, and closely supported by aviation assets all combined to crush France in a matter of only six weeks. France was simply not prepared for this new age of warfare. Works Cited Horne, Alistair. To Lose a Battle: France 1940. New York: Penguin, 1990. Jackson, Julian. The Fall of France: The Nazi Invasion of 1940. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. â€Å"The Holocaust.† Holocaust Encyclopedia, last modified June 10, 2013, http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005425.

‘Describe and Evaluate Carl Jung’s Theory Concerning Personality Types Essay

Introduction In this essay I aim to show an apprehension of Jung’s personality types by depicting and measuring his theory and to demo how they might useful in assisting a healer to find curative ends. I will besides look at some of the unfavorable judgments levelled at Jung’s theory. Carl Gustav Jung. ( 26 July 1875 – 6 June 1961 ) . was a Swiss psychologist and head-shrinker. and the laminitis of analytical psychological science. His male parent was a Pastor. and he had an stray childhood. going really introspective. it seems he had a schizophrenic personality. Although Freud was involved with analytical psychological science and worked with patients with hysterical neuroticisms ; Jung. nevertheless. worked with psychotic patients in infirmary. He was struck by the cosmopolitan symbols ( or Archetypes ) in their psychotic beliefs and hallucinations ( ref. Dennis Brown and Jonathan Redder ( 1989 ) p. 107 ) . His work and influence extends manner beyond understanding personality. and he is considered to be one of the greatest minds to hold theorised about life and how people relate to it. Carl Jung was among many great personality theoreticians who drew inspiration and counsel from the ancient theoretical accounts like star divination and the Four Dispositions. For 100s of old ages at that place has been some sort of ‘typology’ to seek and categorize individual’s attitudes and behavior. e. g. Astrology. Oriental astrologists invented the oldest signifier of typology ; believing is that there is a personality trait that is relevant to each mark and that a person’s character/personality can be classified in footings of the elements – fire H2O air and Earth. Those under fire had a ardent nature and corresponding disposition and destiny. etc. The ancient Greeks believed in the ‘four temperaments’ / ‘four humours’ . which can be traced back to Ancient Greek medical specialty and doctrine ( 400BC ) . particularly in the work of Hippocrates – the ‘Father of Medicine’ ) and in Plato’s thoughts about character and personality. It was believed that in order to keep wellness. people needed an even balance of the four organic structure fluids: blood. emotionlessness. xanthous gall. and black gall. These four organic structure fluids were linked to certain variety meats and unwellnesss and besides represented the ‘Four Temperaments’ or ‘Four Humours’ of personality. The Grecian doctor Galen ( AD 130-200 ) subsequently introduced the facet of four basic dispositions reflecting the wits: the sanguine. floaty type ; the phlegmatic. sulky type ; the choleric. choleric type ; and the melancholiac. dejected type. Galen besides classified drugs in footings of their supposed effects on the four wits. He therefore created a systematic usher or choosing drugs. which although scientifically wrong were the foundation rock of handling psychological and psychiatric unwellnesss. Carl Jung approached personality and ‘psychological types’ ( besides referred to as Jung’s psychological types ) from a position of clinical depth psychology. He was one of the few psychologists in the 20th century to keep that development extends beyond childhood and adolescence through mid-life and into old age. He focused on set uping and developing a relationship between witting and unconscious procedures. Jung believed that Page 2 there was a duologue between the witting and unconscious and without it the unconscious procedures can weaken and even endanger the personality and this is seen in one of his cardinal constructs of individualization. He believed that individualization is a life long procedure of personal development that involves set uping a connexion between the self-importance and the ego. which could be brought to its highest realization if worked with and the unconscious was confronted. ( Stevens 1999 ) Jung. like Freud. referred to the self-importance when depicting the more witting facet of personality. Unlike Freud he did non seek to understate the unconscious side of the personality. but alternatively gave it equal position. complimentary to that of the witting. He referred to the integrated personality as Self ; the Centre of the entire mind. including both the witting and the unconscious. The Self includes all of a person’s qualities and potencies whether or non they become evident at a peculiar phase of life. The end of therapy is to steer the client to go a whole a human being as personal fortunes will let. It was out of Jung’s confrontation with the unconscious. both in himself and in his patients. that he easy elaborated his psychological science. In his 1921 work. ‘Personality Types’ . Jung compared his four maps ( as shown below ) of personality to the four points on a compass. While a individual faces one way. he or she still uses the other points as a usher. Most people keep one map as the dominant one although some people may develop two over a life-time. It is merely the individual who achieves self-fulfillment that has wholly developed all four maps. His book besides acted as the compass by which Jung tried to understand how he differed from Freud and Adler. but more significantly. could get down to chart the internal universe of people. Jung’s Four Psychological Functions are as follows: Rational Functions? Thinking ( procedure of cognitive idea ) ? Feeling ( map of subjective judgement or rating ) enabling determination doing Irrational Functions? Sensation ( perceptual experience utilizing the physical sense variety meats? Intuition ( receptiveness to unconscious contents ) supplying the information on which to do judgements. Jung held a deep grasp of originative life and considered spiritualty a cardinal portion of the human journey. There is a whole literature associating Jungian psychological science and spiritualty. chiefly from a Christian position. This literature includes Hagiographas by Kelsey ( 1974. 1982 ) and by Sanford ( 1968. 1981 ) . Caprio and Hedberg’s ( 1986 ) Coming Home: A Handbook for Researching the Sanctuary Within is a practical usher for religious work in the Christian tradition. It contains striking personal narratives. first-class illustrations. and utile exercisings. ( Frager & A ; Fadiman 2005 ) Jung’s description of personality provinces that in order to Page 3 place a psychological type it is necessary to find whether a individual is oriented chiefly toward his interior universe ( invagination ) or toward external world ( extroversion ) . known as the cardinal attitude of the person to underscore its importance. Jung’s eight personality types are as follows: ? Extroverted Thinking – Jung theorized that people understand the universe through a mix of concrete thoughts and abstract 1s. but the abstract constructs are 1s passed down from other people. Extroverted minds are frequently found working in the research scientific disciplines and mathematics. †¢Introverted Thinking – These persons interpret stimulation in the environment through a subjective and originative manner. The readings are informed by internal cognition and apprehension. Philosophers and theoretical scientists are frequently introspective thinking-oriented people. †¢Extroverted Feeling – These people judge the value of things based on nonsubjective fact. Comfortable in societal state of affairss. they form their sentiments based on socially accepted values and bulk beliefs. They are frequently found working in concern and political relations. †¢Introverted Feeling – These people make judgements based on subjective thoughts and on internally established beliefs. Oftentimes they ignore predominating attitudes and withstand societal norms of thought. Introverted feeling people thrive in callings as art critics. †¢Extroverted Feeling – These people perceive the universe as it truly exists. Their perceptual experiences are non colored by any preexistent beliefs. Jobs that require nonsubjective reappraisal. like vino taste testers and proofreaders. are best filled by extrospective feeling people. †¢Introverted Feeling – These persons interpret the universe through the lens of subjective attitudes and seldom see something for merely what it is. They make sense of the environment by giving it intending based on internal contemplation. Introverted feeling people frequently turn to assorted humanistic disciplines. including portrait picture and classical music. †¢Extroverted Intuitive – These people prefer to understand the significances of things through subliminally perceived nonsubjective fact instead than incoming centripetal information. They rely on intuitions and frequently disregard what they perceive straight from their senses. Inventors that come upon their innovation via a shot of penetration and some spiritual reformists are characterized by the extrovert intuitive type. †¢Introverted Intuitive – These persons. Jung idea. are deeply influenced by their internal motives even though they do non wholly understand them. They find intending through unconscious. subjective thoughts about the universe. Introverted intuitive people comprise a important part of mystics. phantasmagoric creative persons. and spiritual fiends. They are mysterious dreamers. concerned with possibilities instead than what is presently present. Seldom understood by others. Repress feeling. Jung described himself as an introspective intuitor. Introverts are people who prefer their internal universe of ideas. feelings. phantasies. dreams. and so on. while extraverts prefer the external universe of things and people and activities. Page 4 Today the words have become baffled with thoughts like shyness and sociableness. partly because introverts tend to be diffident and extraverts tend to be sociable. But Jung intended for them to mention more to whether you ( â€Å"ego† ) more frequently faced toward the character and outer world. or toward the corporate unconscious and its originals. In that sense. the introvert is slightly more mature than the extravert. Our civilization. of class. values the extravert much more. Jung warned that we all tend to value our ain type most. ( Boeree 1996 ) ; a impression which is peculiarly utile to healers today as it is of import non to let personal feelings to take topographic point when working with clients. Both introvert and extrovert overvalue their strengths and each tends to underestimate the other. To the extrovert. the introvert seems narcissistic and dull. and to the introvert. the extrovert appears superficial and insincere ( Fordham. 1966 ) . Jung believed that a individual remained an extrovert or introvert without alteration for the whole of his life. and that heredity determines whether the libido is directed inward or outward. Whether a individual is an introvert or extravert they need to cover with both their inner and outer universe. And each has their preferable manner of covering with it. ways which they are comfy with and good at. This hypothesised stableness of the introversion-extroversion trait is consistent with empirical research utilizing Non-Jungian steps of invagination and extroversion. ( Cloniger 2000 ) Jung suggested a nexus between each of the attitudes and certain neurotic upsets which will be discussed subsequently. We now find the introvert-extravert dimension in several theories. notably Hans Eysenck’s. In Eysenck’s ( 1982 ) position people are biosocial animate beings and that psychological science stands at the hamlets of biological scientific disciplines and societal scientific disciplines. He states that psychological science must go more of a true scientific discipline with methodological analysis in all that the healer does in order to allow personality theoreticians to do anticipations that can be tested and hence do possible the development of the causal theory of personality. which he believes will necessarily assist the healer with clients showing jobs. Jung compared the witting portion of the mind ( self-importance ) to an island that rises out of the sea. We notice merely the portion above the H2O. even though there is a greater land mass below the H2O – much like an iceberg. the unconscious prevarications below ( Fordam1953 ) . The personal unconscious is a reservoir of experience unique to each single consisting of perceptual experiences. ideas. feelings and memories that have been put to one side or repressed but non ever covered by sea and therefore can be reclaimed. Whereas the personal unconscious is alone to every person. the corporate unconscious is shared or â€Å"transpersonal† and consists of certain potencies that we all portion because of our human nature. because we all live in groups and in some signifier of society or household life. He believed that the corporate unconscious did non develop separately but was inherited and consisted of preexistent signifiers. the originals. An original is a cosmopolitan thought signifier or sensitivity to react to the universe in certain ways and is important to Jung’s construct of the corporate unconscious because it emphasises potencies in which we may show our humanity. He believed that they appeared to us in dreams. art. ritual. myths and symptoms. Eysenck believed that from a point of position of scientific discipline. Jung’s part to the survey of personality types had been chiefly negative as he permitted mystical impressions to overrule empirical informations and sought to travel beyond descriptive analysis to the causal analysis of personality. A individual is non normally defined by merely one of the eight personality types. Alternatively. the different maps exist in a hierarchy. One map will hold a superior consequence and another will hold a secondary consequence. Normally. harmonizing to Jung. a individual merely makes important use Page 5 of two maps. The other two take inferior places. Jung believed that it was non sufficient to possess merely one of the above-named maps to be a all-around personality and be able to confront life’s experiences. Jung described two of the four maps as rational and two as irrational ; besides he used the footings judging/perceiving. Thinking can account for logic and judgment. Our likes/dislikes are a feeling map. These two maps are known as rational as they use our reflecting ability. Sensation and intuition are known as irrational maps because it is what is seen in the external universe ( esthesis ) and interior universe ( intuition ) . In pattern. the subsidiary map is ever one whose nature. rational or irrational. is different from the primary map. For case. feeling can non be the secondary map when thought is dominant. and frailty versa. because both are rational and judging maps ( Daryl Sharp. 1989. p. 19 ) One of the four maps may be developed more. and this would be known as a primary or superior map. whilst the others may be classed as inferior. What this means is that a primary map is one which a individual uses more. whilst possibly. other maps are non used so much ( inferior ) and these might lend to a individual experiencing unable to get by with a state of affairs in which an inferior map is needed to be active. Jung acknowledged that the four orienting maps do non incorporate everything in the witting mind. Will power and memory. for case. are non included. The ground for this is that they are non typological determinants-though of course they may be affected by the manner one maps typologically believing is ever accompanied by an lower status of feeling. and differentiated esthesis is deleterious to intuition and frailty versa ( ref. Daryl Sharp. 1987. p. 15 ) Jung used the term ‘libido’ to specify what he meant by extravert and introvert. it was non meant in a sexual manner. like Freud. but as a term for energy. Introversion. writes Jung. â€Å"is usually characterized by a hesitant. brooding. retiring nature that keeps itself to itself. psychiatrists from objects { and } is ever somewhat on the defensive† . Conversely. Extraversion â€Å"is usually characterized by an outgoing. candid. and suiting nature that adapts easy to a given state of affairs. rapidly form fond regards. and. puting aside any possible scruples. will frequently venture Forth with careless assurance into unknown situations† . ( ref. Daryl Sharp1987. p. 13 ) . The balance between the two can be disturbed either manner. on the one side. utmost backdown. invagination or even psychosis. cuts a individual off from external world. On the other side. overly extroverted or constricted personalities may be cut off from subjective feelings or interior world ( Ref. Dennis Brown & A ; Jonathan Redder 1989p. 81 ) . Jung acknowledged that it is sometimes hard to work out what personality type some people belong to. he stated. ‘†¦It is frequently really hard to happen out whether a individual belongs to one type or the other. particularly in respect to oneself’ ( ref Jung. Anthony Stevens. 2001. p. 99 ) Peoples change their manner of behavior in different fortunes. because this is the manner they wish to be perceived. to be accepted by others. Jung referred to this as a character ( or a mask ) where a individual relays to others. person they are non. apparently to conform to others outlooks of them. This is besides known as the crude side of the personality The character Page 6 signifiers in early childhood. when a kid signifiers in his head what is acceptable to his parents. instructors etc. If it is repressed this is what Jung referred to as ‘the shadow’ . If the shadow is non allowed to come up. it will turn bigger. Jung believed that by confronting up to your shadow. it may enable you to alter it. The shadow may emerge in times of utmost anger/dreams. Jung believed that the shadow is indispensable as it allows an single to see the universe. We are each Born with a natural balance. If our natural balance is disquieted due to repression or conditioning so our heads will in some manner seek to reconstruct the balance which Jung saw as the power of the unconscious surfacing as ‘the return of the pent-up ‘ . The self-importance emerges out of the ego in childhood. It is your individualism. who you are. your ain self-importance appertaining merely to you. the Centre of consciousness. As you go into maturity there may be problem between the self-importance and ego. as the persons attitude alteration. Avowal of the Self liberates its originative energies and brings certain cognition that the best life is the life lived sub specie fraternization ( ref. . Anthony Stevens 2001. p. 157 ) . Jung seemed to put a batch of accent on the Self. I suppose this is because it is the Self. which he believed. will finally imagine alteration in behavior. He was one of the few psychologists in the 20th century to keep that development extends beyond childhood and adolescence through mid-life into old age. ( ref. Anthony Stevens 2001. p. 38 ) . . Jung disagreed with Freud on his positions on gender i. e. the ‘Oedipus complex’ . Jung preferred to name this complex ‘a love aspect’ . of a mother/child and non a sexual one/incest. as Freud believed to be the instance. Jung and Freud both agreed though. that unconscious ideas ( dreams ) were the manner to personal penetration of the person. After his separating with Freud. overtly because of dissension about the importance of gender. but possibly besides over father-son competitions. Jung once more withdrew into what Heisenberg ( 1970 ) calls a ‘creative illness’ during which he excessively conducted a ego analysis ( ref Dennis Brown and Jonathan Redder ( 1989 ) p. 107 ) . But he did non utilize ‘free association’ . but provoked unconscious imagination which he wrote down. pull his dreams. protracting narratives which he told himself. This is how he became involved in analytical psychological science. He spent long periods at his lakeside retreat. jumping between his inner world/ outer universe. Freud. looked back into a client’s childhood. whereas Jung looked to the hereafter more and did non set much importance into the past. more in what can be achieved. the ends to take for†¦ . . the hope†¦ . . of alteration. The unconscious head of a adult male. Jung believed. contained a female component ( anima ) . and a woman’s a male component ( animosity ) . These he believed to be linked to titillating desires. on what the single discoveries attractive in the opposite sex. Another belief Jung held. is that if a individual reacts really strongly to his anima/animus it may take to homosexualism. This is what he believed. non which has been proven to be true. Page 7 Jung’s theories. I believe to be utile in therapy. because if you can measure an persons personality. you can endeavour to do the therapy more applicable to their ‘type’ which Jung viewed as their singularity as an person. ‘the wholeness’ . He did non conceal behind a client like Freud. preferring to utilize a face to confront method. where the client and the healer are equal ; he besides used personal work on dreams. a assortment of ways to seek and advance growing in the client. to look to the hereafter. His positions on mental unwellness gave some hope to a sick person as he believed that within the psychosis experienced there is a personality concealed. with hopes. desires etc. he tried to understand them through reading. Jung saw mental unwellness as a defect. as inferior. but tried to assist the single face this inferior side and near his extrospective side to accomplish ‘wholeness’ . On the whole. Jung’s typology is best used in the manner that one would utilize a compass ; all typological possibilities are theoretically available to the Self. but it is utile to be able to set up those coordinates that one is utilizing to chart one’s class through life. Jung accepted that this class is ne'er intractably fixed ; it may be at any clip be capable to change. Viewed in this visible radiation. consciousness of one’s psychological type is non a restraint but release. for it can open up new navigational possibilities in life. the being of which 1 might otherwise ne'er have discovered ( ref. Anthony Stevens. 2001. p. 101 ) Jung possessed his critics. chiefly Freudian. after his split with Freud ; in peculiar his Archetypes theories concentrating on Jung’s belief that the beginnings of originals ( and their footing in the corporate unconscious ) transcend to the person. in that they reflect on hereditary or cosmopolitan kernel. The review besides examines a related impression of Jung’s. that the corporate unconscious unites us with the universe around us in an immediate paranormal or synchronism sense. These impressions of Jung’s are found to be earnestly flawed. In malice of this. the review suggests that Jung’s belief in the familial footing of certain unconscious content holds some promise. With this in head. suggestions are made refering needful alteration in Jung’s theory and refering the sort of grounds required for its support. ( ref. Journey of Humanistic Psychology. Spring 1996. Vol 36 no. 261. 91. p. 223-242. Another unfavorable judgment with respects to Jung is he does non dig into childhood experience ; in contrast to Freud and depth psychology and some psychologists find his theories hard and drawn out. Besides his theory does bring forth a moderate sum of research and 2 ) Neither possible to verify or distort. ( ref. HttpYahoo. com. Page 8 Conclusion In order to expeditiously assist a client and to find curative ends it is necessary to set up whether a individual is chiefly orientated toward their inner ( invagination ) or outer universe ( extroversion ) and following to measure which are the dominant and auxillary psychological maps of the client. Jung said that people connect thoughts. feelings. experiences and information by manner of associations in the unconscious in such a manner as to impact their behaviour. He identified these groupings as ‘Complexes’ . He believed that they may be organised around a peculiar individual or object and the healer may utilize this cognition to convey to the head of the client’s consciousness a state of affairs which they may be happening hard to untangle from. The curative end of Jungian therapy is to assist the client resoluteness imbalanced facets of their personality which nowadays in a figure of differing ways of psychological perturbation. Examples include: utmost negativeness. dependences. grades of paranoia. sudden spiritual transition. in appropriate fond regards to unsuitable spouses. craze. passion. depression. hypochondrias or schizophrenic personality traits as Jung himself had as a male child. By understanding his theory and how each type may show the healer can assist them unlock the shadow sides of their personality. It is a procedure in which the client is helped to come to footings with the topographic point of ego within their ain universe and besides to assist them see that they are portion of a greater corporate unconscious. Much of Jung’s work was about the interconnection of all people and civilizations. Today more than of all time as we seek to go â€Å"one world† Jung’s work with eastern every bit good as western faiths and civilizations seems more and more appropriate. The work of Hans Eysenck through empirical surveies across the universe has shown that personality types exist in all civilizations and hence concludes that there is a familial constituent to personality types. â€Å"Such transverse cultural unanimity would be improbable if biological factors did non play a prevailing part† ( Eysenck. 1990 ) But like Jung he believed that environmental factors likely find how much an person will develop to their full potency. The usage of appropriate appraisal techniques can be priceless in assisting a healer to develop the untapped potency within the person and is so making contribute to the corporate unconsciousness and synchronism of the planet as a whole.